Scientific consensus contradicts this claim.

What's still open

What the evidence found 3 findings
Based on 6 sources:
PubMed peer-reviewed View
ScienceDirect peer-reviewed View
Pew Research Center institutional View
ICPSR - Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research institutional View
PMC - NIH peer-reviewed View
Brookings Institution institutional View
Based on 7 sources:
Pew Research Center institutional View
RSF: The Russell Sage Foundation Journal of the Social Sciences peer-reviewed View
St. John's Law Review peer-reviewed View
Rice University Kinder Institute institutional View
Social and Personality Psychology Compass peer-reviewed View
HUD Cityscape institutional View
Columbia GSAPP institutional View
Based on 11 sources:
PMC peer-reviewed View
ResearchGate peer-reviewed View
Pew Research Center institutional View
European Journal of Public Health peer-reviewed View
Political Science & Politics peer-reviewed View
European Union Politics peer-reviewed View
PMC - NIH peer-reviewed View
Post-Soviet Affairs peer-reviewed View
Pew Research Center institutional View
Vanderbilt Center for the Study of Democratic Institutions institutional View
European Journal of Political Research peer-reviewed View
What research hasn't answered 3 gaps
PubMed peer-reviewed View
ScienceDirect peer-reviewed View
Pew Research Center institutional View
ICPSR - Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research institutional View
PMC - NIH peer-reviewed View
PMC peer-reviewed View
ResearchGate peer-reviewed View
Pew Research Center institutional View
European Journal of Public Health peer-reviewed View
Political Science & Politics peer-reviewed View
Pew Research Center institutional View
RSF: The Russell Sage Foundation Journal of the Social Sciences peer-reviewed View
St. John's Law Review peer-reviewed View
Rice University Kinder Institute institutional View
Social and Personality Psychology Compass peer-reviewed View
Sources 17 findings
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2008 tree-leaf argumentation
tree-leaf argumentation
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tree-leaf argumentation
tree-leaf argumentation
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Generated by reaso.ai's editorial pipeline: claim restated, scientific consensus classified via 3-run majority vote, 17 findings enriched with attribution and study type, narrative written in neutral voice. No individual researcher has signed off on this specific analysis — see methodology for how the pipeline works. Built with Claude Sonnet by Anthropic. Updated April 16, 2026. How we do this →

Written by AI. Sources are linked for verification.