Scientists are genuinely divided on this question.

What's still open

What the evidence found 3 findings
Based on 11 sources:
Psychological Science peer-reviewed View
UF Health News institutional View
Eric Turkheimer Research Publication peer-reviewed View
Turkheimer et al. (2003) - Socioeconomic Status Modifies Heritability of IQ in Young Children peer-reviewed View
Human Varieties Blog blog View
PubMed peer-reviewed View
ResearchGate peer-reviewed View
PMC peer-reviewed View
PMC - The Paradox of Intelligence: Heritability and Malleability peer-reviewed View
Quizlet PSYC37 course materials blog View
SAGE Journals - Intelligence tests and the individual peer-reviewed View
Based on 13 sources:
PMC peer-reviewed View
Simply Psychology institutional View
Wikipedia institutional View
Quora blog View
PubMed peer-reviewed View
Facebook blog View
PMC (PubMed Central) peer-reviewed View
Cell peer-reviewed View
Understanding Evolution (UC Berkeley) institutional View
PubMed peer-reviewed View
Associazione Psicologi Europe institutional View
ResearchGate peer-reviewed View
Science Direct peer-reviewed View
Based on 11 sources:
PMC (PubMed Central) peer-reviewed View
Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison institutional View
PMC peer-reviewed View
Quizlet unknown View
Quizlet unknown View
PubMed peer-reviewed View
PMC peer-reviewed View
WHO institutional View
ResearchGate peer-reviewed View
PMC peer-reviewed View
PMC peer-reviewed View
What research hasn't answered 3 gaps
PMC peer-reviewed View
Simply Psychology institutional View
Wikipedia institutional View
Quora blog View
PubMed peer-reviewed View
Psychological Science peer-reviewed View
UF Health News institutional View
Eric Turkheimer Research Publication peer-reviewed View
Turkheimer et al. (2003) - Socioeconomic Status Modifies Heritability of IQ in Young Children peer-reviewed View
Human Varieties Blog blog View
Psychological Science peer-reviewed View
UF Health News institutional View
Eric Turkheimer Research Publication peer-reviewed View
Turkheimer et al. (2003) - Socioeconomic Status Modifies Heritability of IQ in Young Children peer-reviewed View
Human Varieties Blog blog View
Sources 18 findings
tree-leaf argumentation
tree-leaf argumentation
tree-leaf argumentation
tree-leaf argumentation
tree-leaf argumentation
tree-leaf argumentation
tree-leaf argumentation
tree-leaf argumentation
tree-leaf argumentation
2003 Turkheimer argumentation
tree-leaf argumentation
tree-leaf argumentation
tree-leaf argumentation
tree-leaf argumentation
tree-leaf argumentation
argumentation Unknown
argumentation Unknown
argumentation Unknown
Push back on this read

Think the evidence is read wrong? Present your counter-evidence and we'll evaluate it against the 42 sources behind this analysis.

Related questions
Is venting anger actually helpful? Is the Myers-Briggs test scientifically valid? Does growth mindset training actually work? Do chess players have higher IQs?

Heard something that sounds off?

Generated by reaso.ai's editorial pipeline: claim restated, scientific consensus classified via 3-run majority vote, 18 findings enriched with attribution and study type, narrative written in neutral voice. No individual researcher has signed off on this specific analysis — see methodology for how the pipeline works. Built with Claude Sonnet by Anthropic. Updated April 16, 2026. How we do this →

Written by AI. Sources are linked for verification.